Selected Online Reading on China's External Policy

There has been a discernable calibration of Chinese foreign policy since the ascension of Xi Jinping to the top leadership positions in China. The operative term here is adjustment rather than renovation because there has not been a fundamental transformation of Chinese foreign policy or "setting up of a new kitchen" in foreign affairs. Several continuities in Chinese diplomacy are still evident. The People's Republic of China (PRC) has not wavered from its overarching strategy of rising through peaceful development. The PRC is still an active participant and leader in, or shaper of, global and regional regimes even as it continues to push for reforms of the extant order, towards an arrangement which it thinks will be less unjust and more equitable. It seeks to better "link up with the international track", perhaps even more so under Xi's stewardship. Yet amidst these continuities, it is clear that there have been some profound shifts in China's foreign policy. From the enunciation of strategic slogans such as the "Asian security concept" and "major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics"; the creation of the China-led and initiated Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank; the pursuit of Xi's signature foreign policy initiative, the One Belt One Road; to a purportedly more assertive and resolute defense of China's maritime territorial interests in East Asia--examples of these foreign policy calibrations (both patent and subtle) abound. In short, this has not been a complete metamorphosis but there are real changes, with important repercussions for China and the international system. The burning questions then are What, Where, How and Why: What are these key foreign policy adjustments? Where and how have these occurred in Chinese diplomacy? And what are the reasons or drivers that inform these changes? This book seeks to capture these changes. Featuring contributions from academics, think-tank intellectuals and policy practitioners, all engaged in the compelling business of China-watching, the book aims to shed more light on the calibrations that have animated China's diplomacy under Xi, a leader who by most accounts is considered the most powerful Chinese numero uno since Deng Xiaoping.

This accessible text offers a comprehensive analysis of the European Union (EU)-China relationship, as one of the most important in global politics today. Both are major players on the world stage, accounting for 30% of trade and nearly a quarter of the world's population. This text shows how, despite many differences in political systems and values, China and the EU have developed such a close, regular set of interactions at multiple levels: from political-strategic, to economic, and individual. The authors start with an historical overview of the domestic politics and foreign policy apparatus of each partner to show the context in which external relations are devised. From this foundation, each key dimension of the relationship is analysed, from trade and monetary policy, security, culture and society. The authors show the relative merits of different theoretical perspectives and outline what is next for this complex, ever-changing relationship. At every step, the success of each partner in persuading the other of changing their position(s) for key strategic interests is explored. What emerges is a multifaceted picture of relations between two sides that are fundamentally different kinds of actors in the international system, yet have many mutual interests and a common stake in the stability of global governance. The first major text to offer an accessible introduction to the multifaceted nature of EU-China relations, this book is an ideal companion for upper undergraduate and postgraduate students on Politics, International Relations and European Studies courses.

This book provides a comprehensive review of relations between China and the EU from the perspectives of politics, economy and culture in order to provide a better understanding of the development of the China-EU Strategic Partnership over the past ten years and to explore its future direction. It goes on to discuss China-EU relations against the backdrop of global governance, as well as China's relations with some of the EU member states. The final part of the report presents a comparative analysis of China-EU relations and EU-US relations. This book will help readers to better understand the status quo and to predict China-EU relations in the near future.

This book is the outcome of a multi-annual study of Chinese and European research institutions that addresses the partnership between the EU and China and its political and economic implications. The book's distinct focus is to situate this multipurpose relationship within the context of the multidisciplinary academic debate about China's interregional relations with specific regions (i.e. Europe, Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa, Middle East), notably the Belt and Road initiative (BRI). Both the economic and political dimensions of the international rise of China are critically analysed, with special attention to opportunities, risks, challenges and controversial issues. The international set of authors uniquely combines academics and decision makers as well as experts and think tank leaders. The collection includes contributions by Mario Telò, Sun Jisheng, Lin Hongyu, Zhao Jiakun, Wei Ling, Uwe Wissenbach, Feng Yuan, Jean-François Di Meglio, Shi Shiwei, Jürgen Rüland, Fabricio Rodríguez, Sebastian Santander, Wang Jin, Guy Burton, Geoffrey Harris, Jia Ruixia, Zhang Min and Gerald Stahl. "A truly collaborative project combining stimulating contributions from China and Europe that collectively provide a 'one-stop shop' for all those interested in analyzing an ever more complex and important relationship" Professor Shaun Breslin, Department of Politics and International Studies, University of Warwick, Co-Editor of The Pacific Review

Europe, China, and the Limits of Normative Poweris a groundbreaking book, offering insights into European influence regarding China's development, during a period when Europe confronts its most serious political, social, and economic crises of the post-war period. Considering Europe's identity and its future international relevance, this book examines the extent to which Europe s multi-layered governance structure, the normative divergence overshadowing EU-China relations and Europe s crises continue to shape - and often limit - Europe's capacity to inspire China s development. Combining original research, interviews with EU and Chinese officials and academics, and practical experience of European institutional practice, Ferenczy examines EU-China relations in light of recent EU institutional reforms and the EU's continuous efforts to shape a common external policy vision. Drawing on the assessment of Europe as a 'normative power' this book reflects on the notions of European identity and global influence in the context of substantial shifts in power. As Europe grapples with internal challenges, and China emerges as a global power, Ferenczy avoids the trap of dismissing Europe as facing inevitable decline on the one hand and uncritical affirmations of China's emergence as a global power on the other. Instead, taking both a constructivist and realist approach, Europe, China, and the Limits of Normative Powerhighlights the power of ideas at the heart of European normative power, as well as the power of interest, which is thoroughly relevant to China's global aspirations. While a fragile and fragmented Europe has become more vulnerable to Chinese influence, China's motivations to maximize national interests cannot be dissociated from the social element of its interaction with Europe and its power of example, where norms matter.

As China rises as an economic and an international power, new relationships are being forged with all areas of the world including Central and Eastern Europe. This book explores how this relationship is developing. It considers how China's links with Central and Eastern Europe fit in to China's overall international relations strategies. It looks at economic and trade ties, diplomatic initiatives and the role of the European Union, and examines China's bilateral relations with the different states of the region. These relationships are particularly interesting because before the end of communism in Eastern Europe China had many direct links with the countries of the region.　 　　

In the next decade China's actions on the world stage will affect us all. A new superpower, with the largest population and GDP on the globe, there are now fears that China is becoming more assertive. Here, award-winning China expert Kerry Brown guides us through China's foreign policy, from its skirmishes with US Navy destroyers in the South China Sea to its arguments with Japan over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands and its increased displays of military prowess - including huge investments in cyber warfare. Brown also assesses China's extraordinary plan to create a `New Silk Road' across Central Asia - one of the biggest infrastructure project in modern history. In doing so he seeks to answer a simple question: what does China want? The answer lies in the unique way China thinks about the world. A comprehensive analysis by one of the world's most recognised and respected authorities, and based upon unparalleled research into Chinese leaders, their beliefs and their instincts, China's World is an essential read for the Western world.

An authority on Asia and globalization identifies the challenges China's growing power poses and how it must be confronted "Timely and thought-provoking. . . . An unsparing analysis of how Washington's elite fell into the grip of their China delusion."--James Kynge, Financial Times "Prestowitz doesn't just point out problems; he offers a detailed, 25-page 'Plan for America.' An excellent comprehensive study from an expert on the subject."--Kirkus, Starred Review When China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, most experts expected the WTO rules and procedures to liberalize China and make it "a responsible stakeholder in the liberal world order." But the experts made the wrong bet. China today is liberalizing neither economically nor politically but, if anything, becoming more authoritarian and mercantilist.   In this book, notably free of partisan posturing and inflammatory rhetoric, renowned globalization and Asia expert Clyde Prestowitz describes the key challenges posed by China and the strategies America and the Free World must adopt to meet them. He argues that these must be more sophisticated and more comprehensive than a narrowly targeted trade war. Rather, he urges strategies that the United States and its allies can use unilaterally without contravening international or domestic law.

China's Political Worldview and Chinese Exceptionalism: International Order and Global Leadership uses the notion of "Chinese exceptionalism" as a framework to analyze China's international politics and foreign policy. This book argues that China's approach to international relations is best understood in the context of these claims to exceptionalism and China's broader political world view. In doing so, it fosters a more comprehensive understanding of China's actions within the realms of foreign policy and international politics, and in the context of the preferred world order, norms and rules that the country seeks to promote.

For the nations on its borders, the rapid rise of China represents an opportunity-but it also brings worry, especially in areas that have long been disputed territories of contact and exchange. This book gathers contributors from a range of disciplines to look at how people in those areas are actively engaging in making relationships across the border, and how those interactions are shaping life in the region-and in the process helping to reconfigure the cultural and political landscape of post-Cold War Asia.

The rise of India and China as two major economic and political actors in both regional and global politics necessitates an analysis of not only their bilateral ties but also the significance of their regional and global pursuits. This book looks at the nuances and politics that the two countries attach to multilateral institutions and examines how they receive, react to and approach each other's presence and upsurge. The driving theme of this book is to highlight the enduring and emerging complexities in India-China relations, which are multi-layered and polygonal in nature, and both a result and reflection of a multipolar world order. The book argues that coexistence between India and China in this multipolar world order is possible, but that it is limited to a medium-term perspective, given the constraints of identity complexities and global aspirations these two rising powers are pursuing. It goes on to discuss how their search for energy resources, quest to uphold their own identity as developing powers, and engagement in balance-of-power politics to exert authority on each other's presence, are some elements that guide their non-cooperative relationship. By explaining the foreign policy approaches of Asia's two major powers towards the growing Asian and global multilateralism, and highlighting the policies they carry towards each other, the book is a useful contribution to students and scholars of Asian Politics, Foreign Policy and International Relations.