Migration: Gender, Children's Rights and Protecting the Vulnerable

With contributions from a diverse array of international scholars, this edited volume offers a renewed understanding of gender-based violence (GBV) by examining its social and political dimensions in migration contexts. This book engages micro, meso, and macro levels of analysis by foregrounding a conceptualization of GBV that addresses both its interpersonal and structural causes. Chapters explore how GBV frameworks and migration management intersect, bringing to the forefront the specific inequalities these intersections produce for migrant women. Drawing upon several disciplines, the authors engage in co-writing a critical engagement which proposes an original understanding of how the concepts of intersectionality, vulnerability and precarity speak to each other from a feminist perspective.  This volume will be of interest to scholars/researchers and policymakers in Gender Studies, Migration and Refugee Studies, Sociology, Political Science, Trauma Studies, Human Rights and Socio-Legal Studies.

Reflecting on three decades of post-conflict recovery in the Balkans, this incisive book investigates the long-term effects of war displacement on women across Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Kosovo. Selma Porobić and Brad K. Blitz draw upon four different research streams produced by a large, cross-national, and multidisciplinary team of contributors to compare the experiences of different categories of war-uprooted and/or women forced migrants. Providing a gender-inclusive focus on psychosocial wellbeing, chapters consider the long-term impacts of complex trauma on internally displaced persons, returnees, and refugees throughout the whole cycle of displacement, return, and reintegration. Uncovering alarming risk and protective factors linked to protracted political and socioeconomic instability in the region, the book ultimately offers lessons for a wider post-war recovery framework that prioritises women's agency, psychosocial health, and trans-generational recovery. Featuring interdisciplinary, cross-country, and multi-methods research, this insightful book will prove an invaluable resource to students and scholars of psychology, sociology, migration, gender, and human rights law. Its critical assessment of durable solutions for displaced populations will also benefit practitioners focused on peace building, humanitarianism, and development.

This book brings an intersectional perspective to border studies, drawing on case studies from across the world to consider the ways in which notably gender and race dynamics change the ways in which people cross international borders, and how diffuse and virtual borders impact on migrants' experiences. By bringing together 11 ethnographies, the book demonstrates the necessity for in-depth empirical research to understand the class, gender and race inequalities that shape contemporary borders. In doing so the volume sheds light　on how migration control produces gendered violence at physical borders but also through the politics of vulnerability across borders and social boundaries. It places embodied narratives at the heart of the analysis which sheds light on the agency and the many patterns of resistance of migrants themselves. As such, it will appeal to scholars of migration and diaspora studies with interests in gender.

Migrant Homelessness and the Crimmigration Control System offers new insights into the drivers of homelessness following migration by unpacking the housing consequences of 'crimmigration' control systems in the US and the UK. The book advances 'housing sacrifice' as a concept to understand journeys in and out of homelessness and the coping strategies migrants employ. Undergirded by persuasive empirical research, it offers a compelling case for a 'social citizenship' right to housing guaranteed across social, political and civil realms of society. The book is structured around the 30 life stories of people who have migrated to the capital cities of Boston and Edinburgh from Central America and Eastern Europe. The narratives are complemented by interviews with a range of stakeholders (including frontline caseworkers, activists and policymakers). Guided by the tenets of critical realist theory, this book offers a biographical inquiry into the intersections of race, class and gender and provides insight into the everyday precarity homeless migrants face, by listening to them directly. It will be of interest to students, scholars, and policymakers across a range of fields including housing, immigration, criminology, sociology, and human geography.

Winner, ASR Best Africa-Focused Edited Collection by the African Studies Review Recent years have seen increased scholarly and media interest in the cross-border movements of LGBT persons, particularly those seeking protection in the Global North . While this has helped focus attention on the plight of individuals fleeing homophobic or transphobic persecution, it has also reinvigorated racist tropes about the Global South.In the case of Africa, the expansion of anti-LGBT laws and the prevalence of hetero-patriarchal discourses are regularly cited as evidence of an inescapable savagery. The figure of the LGBT refugee - often portrayed as helplessly awaiting rescue - reinforces colonial notions about the continent and its peoples. Queer and Trans African Mobilities draws on diverse case studies from the length and breadth of Africa, offering the first in-depth investigation of LGBT migration on and from the continent. The collection provides new insights into the drivers and impacts of displacement linked to sexual orientation or gender identity and challenges notions about why LGBT Africans move, where they are going and what they experience along the way.

Political violence, civil unrest, economic crises, and natural disasters have occurred at a constant pace, leading to an ongoing global crisis of refugees and other forced immigrants and migrants, i.e. (im)migrants. The infrastructures, capacities, and policies necessary to address the needs of refugee youth, their families, and their communities are strained in host countries and receiving communities worldwide. Education for Refugees and Forced (Im)Migrants Across Time and Context follows the journey of refugee and forced (im)migrant youths as their educational needs and opportunities vary according to resettlement communities' immigration policies, dominant culture and language, geography, and other key factors. There is little research around the transition from peri- to post-migration education of refugee youth across time and context. Chapter authors address that gap by examining the conditions of refugee youth across different types of refugee contexts, including violence/conflict, natural disaster, economic crisis, political oppression, and how educational expectations, opportunities, and experiences shift before, during, and after the forced (im)migration journey. This important collection analyzes the complex combination of frameworks, drivers, and characteristics of education for refugee and forced (im)migrant youth to inform education policy, practice, and research.

Borders of desire takes a novel approach to the study of borders: rather than seeing them only as obstacles to the fulfillment of human desires, this collection focuses on how borders can also be productive of desire. Based on long-term ethnographic engagement with sites along the eastern borders of Europe, particularly in the Baltics and the Balkans, the studies in this volume illuminate how gendered and sexualized desires are generated by the existence of borders and how they are imagined. As the chapters show, borders can create new desires expressed as aspirations, resentments, and actions including physical movements across borders for pleasure or work, or collective enactments of political ideals or resistance. The collection also shows how the persistent east/west symbolic border continues to act as a source of these desires in European political and social life.

This stirring and insightful book explores how family dynamics among refugees are affected by the trauma of forced migration. Written by an experienced family therapist, it uses a systemic perspective to understand the impact on couple relationships and parenting, as well as the broader issue of cultural and social assimilation. Shedding light on the complex and relational nature of the trauma experienced by refugee families, including issues around gender and mental health, Shadi Shahnavaz examines the clinical implications for those who care for them. The unique, in-depth interviews with refugees provide a rare insight into their journey to England and the adverse experiences they encounter along the way. Rather than a simple reflection on practice, Shahnavaz invites the reader to think about the ways in which they can connect with others, even in challenging and unfamiliar situations. Working Systemically with Refugee Couples and Families is essential reading for any therapist or counsellor working today.

What drives anti-immigrant bias--and how it can be mitigated In the aftermath of the refugee crisis caused by conflicts in the Middle East and an increase in migration to Europe, European nations have witnessed a surge in discrimination targeted at immigrant minorities. To quell these conflicts, some governments have resorted to the adoption of coercive assimilation policies aimed at erasing differences between natives and immigrants. Are these policies the best method for reducing hostilities? Native Bias challenges the premise of such regulations by making the case for a civic integration model, based on shared social ideas defining the concept and practice of citizenship. Drawing from original surveys, survey experiments, and novel field experiments, Donghyun Danny Choi, Mathias Poertner, and Nicholas Sambanis show that although prejudice against immigrants is often driven by differences in traits such as appearance and religious practice, the suppression of such differences does not constitute the only path to integration. Instead, the authors demonstrate that similarities in ideas and value systems can serve as the foundation for a common identity, based on a shared concept of citizenship, overcoming the perceived social distance between natives and immigrants. Addressing one of the most pressing challenges of our time, Native Bias offers an original framework for understanding anti-immigrant discrimination and the processes through which it can be overcome.

This book addresses a gap in both contemporary theorising and empirical analysis of the European Union's (EU) law and policy frameworks on migration, sex work and anti trafficking. Drawing on the authors' previous research on these policies and with their practical experience of engaging with various EU institutions in law and policy-making fora around gender, equality and justice, the work examines the processes involved in constructing and enacting policy frameworks and legal interventions on these issues, within a feminist analytical framework. The authors map how EU agenda-setting operates, and detail the roles that various EU institutions, external groups and actors, including non-governmental organisations, play in promoting or blocking policy on these three issues. The book draws on feminist theorising on gender, policy-making and social justice to develop a general theoretical framework to help us understand how and why a consensus has seemingly been achieved at EU level on what constitutes gender equality in these three policy areas. The book presents a valuable resource for academics, researchers and policy makers in Law, Migration, EU policy making and Gender Studies.

This book presents a child-centred approach to migrant children's experiences in education. Using a decolonising framework, the book interrogates the diversity of migrant experiences in the global South and North. The book brings together researchers and practitioners from education, childhood studies, sociology, and linguistics to debate and theorise key methodological and empirical issues in migrant children's experiences through education. It focuses on how diverse forms of global mobilities are key to transforming educational experiences of children and considers the interplay of class, race, gender, geography, and learning settings. By doing so, the book uncovers particular challenges for addressing sustainable development goals relating to education and inclusive development. Diversifying the study of migration and development, the book challenges the Eurocentrism of the discipline and contributes to ongoing efforts to liberate the field from labels and discourses that further marginalise migrant children. Using an intersectional and decolonising approach to address an important gap in the diversity of migrant experiences, the book will be of great interest to researchers, scholars, and students in the field of migration studies, sociology of education, intercultural education, and international development.

The phenomenon of child trafficking holds a unique position as an issue of significant contemporary relevance, occupying a principal place in debates about human rights today. The interchangeable terms trafficking and modern slavery evoke emotive responses and proclamations about abolition of contemporary ills, viewed as the ultimate aberration when a child is involved. The classification of children under legal frameworks marks them as different, as 'other', and in the context of laws implemented to address trafficking, slavery, and children on the move more generally, this distinction is complicated. This book charts the emergence, decline and re-emergence of child trafficking law and policy during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the historical origins of child trafficking by utilising the wealth of information located within the non-digitised archives of the League of Nations. It focusses upon the Committee onthe Traffic in Women and Children to engage with League of Nations policy to provide an insightful and original contribution to the current body of literature. This is a book that seeks to critique the entanglements of children's rights and colonialism in relation to the mobility and exploitation of children. It centralises the legacy of colonialism, the undercurrents of race, white supremacy, patriarchy, and their ongoing influence upon contemporary anti-trafficking legal and policy responses. Through utilizing what the author identifies as the 'anti-trafficking machine' as a theoretical framework, the book challenges contemporary law and policy responses to child trafficking. This theoretical framework has been adopted to illustrate a central hypothesis of the book - that the contemporary anti-trafficking agenda is both imperialist and a continuity of colonial attitudes.

From Conflict to Modern Slavery considers the lives of people after they have fled conflict and arrived in the UK. The book draws on insights from interviews with those who have experienced the UK immigration system, and observations are made about how the country's government and its restrictive and hostile immigration policies can increase the risk of modern slavery in the UK. With a broad definition of conflict as an organising concept, and which encourages understandings that go beyond war, this work contextualises these stories to understand why some people appear to be more at risk than others when escaping conflict situations. The work considers the ways in which conflict can facilitate modern slavery and how conflict limits people's agency and the legitimate options available to them. It is this restriction of agency in the face of inherently risky options, coupled with a disruption in support networks, that puts them at most risk of modern slavery. From Conflict to Modern Slavery's strength lies in its unique empirical focus on a comparison between first-hand accounts. It offers personal insights into the experiences of asylum seekers, refugees, and victims of modern slavery, and situates these within extant literature to identify specific aspects of people's journeys that can make them vulnerable to exploitation.

The issue of migration and asylum seeking has received increasing attention in the wider arena of international human rights and social service provision practice. Positioned within a liberal understanding of human rights and equality framework, providing asylum seekers with sanctuary is understood as an act of adhering to supranational and international humanitarian obligations. The issues generated by the culturally influenced needs of some asylum seekers have however challenged host countries' social service institutions, where social work interventions and organisational contexts may still be based on the assumptions of European monocultural traditions. These may not be universally appropriate for service provision to all cultures. Colletta Dalikeni supports readers who wish to understand the challenges of culturally different asylum-seeking families. These families engage, or are required to engage, with child protection social workers. She does so by framing such issues as the reception and integration of asylum-seeking families, in the context of social exclusion, marginalisation, mutual cultural incomprehension, health and wellbeing. This book has a clear agenda. On the one hand, it aims to contribute to the field of research by addressing the silence in current literature on the perspective of African asylumseeking families. On the other hand, it allows the voices of those on society's margins to be heard in the creation of knowledge. As such, the author employs a progressive approach to develop understanding of child protection issues within the context of asylum-seeking communities.

Unaccompanied child asylum seekers are amongst the world's most vulnerable populations, and their numbers are increasing. The intersection of their age, their seeking asylum, and separation from their parents creates a specific and acute triple burden of vulnerability. Their precariousness has long been recognised in international human rights law. Yet, human rights-based responses have been subordinated to progressive global securitisation of irregular migration through interception, interdiction, extraterritorial processing and immigration detention. Such an approach necessitates an urgent paradigm shift in how we comprehend their needs as children, the impact of punitive border control laws on them, and the responsibility of States to these children when they arrive at their borders seeking asylum. This book reconceptualises the relationship between unaccompanied child asylum seekers and States. It proposes a new conceptual framework by applying international human rights law, childhood studies and vulnerability theory scholarship in analysing State obligations to respond to these children. This framework incorporates a robust analysis of the operation and impact of laws on vulnerable populations, a taxonomy for articulating the gravity of any consequent harms and a method to prioritise recommendations for reform. The book then illustrates the framework's utility using Australia's treatment of unaccompanied children as a case study. This book illuminates key learnings from human rights law, childhood studies and vulnerability theory and transforms them into a new roadmap for law reform. As such, it will be a valuable practice-based resource for practitioners, non-government organisations, advocates, policymakers and the general public interested in advocating for the rights of vulnerable populations as well as for academics, researchers and students of human rights law, refugee law, childhood studies and vulnerability studies.

This book brings together leading international psychoanalysts to discuss what psychoanalysis can offer to people who have experienced trauma, flight, and migration. The four parts of the book cover several elements of this work, including psychoanalytic projects beyond the couch, and collaboration with the UN. Each chapter presents an example of the applications of psychoanalysis with a specific group or in a particular context, from working with refugees in China to understanding the experiences of women who have witnessed political violence in Peru. Psychoanalytic work with Trauma, Flight and Migration provides a compelling exploration of the international contributions made by psychoanalysis. This innovative book will be essential reading for psychoanalysts and psychoanalytic psychotherapists looking to learn more about working with people who have experienced the impact of traumatic movement or migration.

Through stories and thoughtful analysis, this book shows how migration and U.S. immigration detention harms the future of immigrant children and their parents.For decades, the United States has used detention to control immigration. Through Iceboxes and Kennels traces the rise of family migration from Central America and why the U.S. incarcerated and separated thousands of children and parents. Zayas argues that answers are found in U.S. history. The book takes the reader across the licensing of detention centers in Texas as licensed childcare facilities, holding of teenage immigrants in residential treatment centers, and the full scope of the Family Separation Policy of 2018 that unleashed a national outcry. With a storyteller's ability and from sources as varied as history, politics, and psychology, Zayas identifies four stages in Central American migration: pre-migration forces that push people from their homes; mid-migration journeys fraught with hunger, violence, and pain; detention in cold rooms, cages, and jails; and the post-detention period of settlement and adjustment. In chapter after chapter, Zayas tells the stories-sometimes harrowing, always riveting-told to him by children and parents. Like epic narratives, there are villains and heroes, honesty and betrayal, and moments of abject desperation and of soaring valor. The book shows readers just how damaging detention is to the developing child's brain, body, and mental health. At once alarming and optimistic, Through Iceboxes and Kennels reveals the endurance of parents insistent on bringing their children to safety and security, and the inspiring gallantry of children, parents, and strangers. It is a book for those who want to understand the urgency of immigration reform and the need for humane policies and practices.

This book helps to recognize the rights of refugees and provides a framework to identify and approach health needs, from basic elements like service mapping and initial interventions to more complex elements of ongoing healthcare and support and broader topics such as migration public health, migration policy and health systems. Beyond biomedical frameworks, it draws on socio-ecological models to inform assessments and integrated models of care to improve health and health equity. Set out in three comprehensive sections: public health theory (Part 1), applied public health (Part 2), and clinical approaches (Part 3), this book draws on multiple disciplines and insights from humanitarians, academics, policy experts, and clinicians from diverse contexts, with expertise in forced migration, to create an accessible reference tool to inform healthcare professionals' interactions with forcibly displaced individuals and populations in all contexts for both high and low resource countries. Apart from providing information across the spectrum of health issues, clinical specialties and global contexts, it discusses associated areas, including human rights and law, public health, medical anthropology and cultural awareness. Key Features: Bridges the gap between existing academic literature on refugee health and guidelines for health management in humanitarian emergencies Helps to develop an integrated approach to healthcare provision, allowing healthcare professionals and humanitarians to adapt their specialist knowledge for use in forced migration contexts and with refugees. Recognizes the complex and interconnected needs in displacement scenarios and identifies holistic and systems-based approaches. Covers public health theory, applied public health and clinical aspects of forced migration.