Global Deforestation

In this insightful book, Martin Hedemann-Robinson appraises the European Union's development of its legal framework to assist in combating one of the foremost challenges facing the international community: global deforestation. He provides an analytical overview of the evolving Union legislation, discussing its impact both within the single market as well as internationally. The book meticulously assesses the evolution of EU policy intervention regarding global deforestation, which commenced with the 2003 Forest Law, Enforcement, Governance and Trade Action Plan. Subsequent chapters discuss the development of voluntary partnership agreements forged with non-EU countries in tropical forested regions, as well as analyse the EU's 2010 Timber Regulation designed to exclude illegal timber from being sold on the single market. Hedemann-Robinson then examines most recent and more profound adjustments to the EU's policy framework, notably the 2023 Deforestation-Free Product Regulation (DFPR) which aims to phase in a ban on imports of certain agricultural produce which may have contributed to global deforestation. Finally, the book places these developments in a broader international context, considering the extent of political and legal co-operation across the globe. Comprehensive and precise, Combating Deforestation will prove an invaluable resource for students and scholars of law, geography, ecology and political science. It will also interest practitioners and policymakers involved in environmental protection, international public law and international trade.

Au cours des trente dernières années, plus de quatre cents millions d’hectares de forêts tropicales ont été détruits. À cette déforestation s’ajoute la dégradation forestière qui, dans certaines régions du monde comme l’Amazonie, affecte autant de surface que le déboisement. Préserver et conserver les forêts tropicales devient donc aujourd’hui une priorité pour la survie de l’humanité. Une première méthode consiste à sanctuariser les forêts en créant des aires protégées, limitant ainsi l’exploitation de leurs ressources par les humains. La seconde repose sur une exploitation raisonnée au bénéfice des populations locales et de la société en général. Les forestiers privilégient cette seconde méthode, avec l’idée qu’une forêt valorisée générant des biens et des services aux populations, à l’État et à la société sera une forêt protégée et conservée. Cependant, la réalité sur le terrain continue de contredire ce principe. L’exploitation illégale, encore très répandue dans de nombreux pays tropicaux, engendre d’importants dégâts aux peuplements forestiers, et compromet leur capacité à se régénérer et à résister aux effets du changement climatique. L’exploitation du bois d’œuvre est ainsi accusée de tous les maux et est très souvent considérée comme la principale source de déforestation. Cet essai vise non pas à réhabiliter l’exploitation forestière, mais à présenter de façon objective, factuelle et accessible aux non-spécialistes des forêts tropicales les effets environnementaux de l’exploitation du bois d’œuvre. Il révèle les différentes voies possibles pour que cette exploitation devienne un véritable outil de conservation des forêts tropicales humides.

The promotion of the conservation and sustainable use of forests is a crucial aspect of environmental protection. However, effective and legally binding international regulations specific to forests are still absent. The scope of this research is to analyse the existent international legal regime for forests and to elaborate approaches to the enhancement of its efficiency. The rigorous analysis of international documents leads, finally, to conclude that pure market-based mechanisms are not sufficient for the conservation of forests and stronger legally-binding provisions are needed. Based on these conclusions, the research proceeds with the analysis of possible ways of the development of international legal regime for forests, as well as the promotion of compliance with international treaties.

Andean dry forest ecosystems are threatened by deforestation and unsustainable land use methods. The negative effects for the livelihood of the local population, biodiversity, and the regional climate could be countered by reforestation measures; however, dry land forests have not attracted the same level of interest and investment like other ecosystems. This book describes the development of a priority-zone map for reforestation measures, showing where reforestation might have the greatest social and ecological benefits. To achieve this, a problem analysis of a case study region is conducted and thematic reforestation benefits are determined. Using remote sensing and GIS, the areas where benefits can be obtained are mapped in individual layers and compiled into a summarizing priority-zone map. It is thus possible to identify areas where reforestation would achieve multiple benefits. The concept of priority maps could be used to facilitate reforestation strategies by local communitiesand municipal governments and could thus contribute to initiate an integrated forest and landscape restoration of the Bolivian montane dry forests.

This handbook was developed by OECD and FAO to help companies embed considerations on deforestation and forest degradation into their corporate due diligence procedures. It is informed by FAO’s extensive work and experience on halting deforestation and forest degradation and promoting responsible governance of tenure. The handbook builds on the leading international, government-backed standards on supply chain due diligence and responsible business conduct: the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises on Responsible Business Conduct and the associated due diligence framework set out in the OECD-FAO Guidance for Responsible Agricultural Supply Chains and the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct. This handbook demonstrates how the OECD-FAO Guidance can be applied to address deforestation by contextualising existing recommendations and directing users towards helpful sources of due diligence information.

Depuis plus de cinquante ans, le public assiste impuissant au déboisement intensif des forêts tropicales à travers le monde. Les difficultés techniques et les intérêts divergents des États se sont jusqu’à aujourd’hui opposés à l’adoption d’une convention internationale sur les forêts. L’espoir de voir les forêts tropicales être mieux conservées pourrait venir du mécanisme dit « REDD+ » adopté au sein du régime climat, sous la forme d’un ensemble de décisions de la conférence des Parties (COP), et mentionné à l’article 5 de l’Accord de Paris. Le mécanisme institué repose sur une logique incitative. Les pays en développement peuvent volontairement mener des activités REDD+ sur leur territoire et en contrepartie bénéficier d’un soutien financier et technologique en amont, et de paiements proportionnés aux résultats carbone en aval. Sur le plan formel, le cadre juridique pour la REDD+ est, à l’instar des tentatives antérieures de règlementation forestière, flexible et non contraignant. Sa mise en oeuvre globale et rapide au cours des dernières années apparaît alors paradoxale et interroge le juriste sur les spécificités du cadre juridique institué et sur sa normativité réelle. L’ouvrage propose une analyse complète du cadre juridique international pour la REDD+ qui s’avère utile pour tous les juristes, les chercheurs et les négociateurs travaillant sur le droit international du climat et des forêts. L’historique de sa formation y est retracé, et sont étudiés en détail son imbrication au sein des négociations climat et du régime international des forêts, ainsi que les obligations respectives des États, les mécanismes internationaux de contrôle, les sources de financement mobilisables, et les modalités de mise en oeuvre nationale. La présente étude a aussi une portée théorique qui intéressera tous les juristes travaillant sur les nouvelles formes du droit. Un nouveau cadre d’analyse de la normativité y est proposé, en adoptant une approche fonctionnelle. Celui-ci révèle les spécificités du cadre juridique pour la REDD+ et peut être mobilisé dans d’autres domaines. Il permet de distinguer, parmi les instruments de soft law, ceux qui représentent une adaptation du droit de ceux qui en sont véritablement une forme dégradée.

This book presents a cohesive collection of contributions representing an African scholarly voice on some of the most burning and emerging topics and experiences regarding the implementation of REDD+ in Africa from a human rights perspective. It addresses the international human rights obligations of states and non-state actors in the context of REDD+ implementation in Africa; how current practices in various African states reinforce or affect human rights standards; and critical issues concerning the rights of vulnerable groups such as women, Indigenous populations, and forest dwellers in the implementation of REDD+ in Africa. Further, it investigates potential gaps in the existing laws, and how they can be addressed from a comparative point of view. The book also sheds light on the roles that different actors can play in fostering change and identifies best practices in the implementation of REDD+ in Africa. The book offers a rich intellectual resource for various actors in the environmental science, climate and environmental law fields who are often confronted with the challenge of how to manage the delicate balance of forests as a development resource; forests as a climate-change mitigation resource; and forests as a catalyst for the rights of vulnerable populations. The book responds to the imbalance and gaps in REDD+ scholarship. Addressing such lacuna in an edited volume of this nature is essential to the present and future work of practitioners, academics and other actors with a sustained interest in REDD+ in Africa.

This book reflects on Indonesia s recent experience with REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation), all set within a broader discussion of neoliberal environmentalism, hyper-capitalism and Indonesian carbon politics.

This book discusses problems, challenges, and mitigation strategies in the wake of environmental degradation. It suggests proactive solutions to problems of environmental degradation for strategic planning as well as their effective delivery, and problems arising due to growth in population, industry, and land use change. The uniqueness of the book is its broader spectrum of coverage with related interconnections and interdependence of various aspects.  Presenting a wide spectrum of viewpoints and approaches, the book covers topics, such as deforestation impacts (land use and land cover, soil erosion); impacts on climate change and human health; treatment of industrial, municipal, biological waste disposal and their impacts on soil, water, and air; recovery/remediation processes and technologies; impacts of pesticides and chemical fertilizers on soil degradation and groundwater; socio-economic environmental sustainability; and socio-economic health impacts. Particular focus is placed on strategic planning and methodological handling of environmental degradation and remediation through various processes and treatment technologies.   This book will be useful to researchers, professionals, policy makers, and environmental engineers.

Humans are overexploiting nature, consuming too much energy, too many raw materials, too much land. In short, the current economic and living conditions of mankind, especially here in the West, are not sustainable. Who would disagree with this verdict? The evidence seems overwhelming: species extinction, rainforest deforestation, scarcity of raw materials, soil erosion, plastic waste, ecological footprint and, of course, climate change. But how reliable are these indicators? Are there perhaps also other indications, positive developments? And are all these problems of equal urgency? This book gives you answers: well-founded, comprehensible, to the point. It proves that the reports and headlines on ecological issues in the mainstream media are often one-sided, exaggerated and thus misleading. The book does not trivialize, but it differentiates. Using the relevant international reports and databases, it presents overall contexts where otherwise usually only individual, striking figures are picked out. With over 70 graphic illustrations, the book thus paints a new picture of the state of the planet and of the effects of human economic activity and consumption. At the end is a clear list of priorities for the real sustainability challenges - for humanity as a whole, and also for the people living in the West.

This book analyses and develops overarching concepts for forest policy and forest governance and includes a detailed investigation into the historical discussion on forests. It examines opportunities and limits for negative emissions in a sector that - like peatlands - appears significantly less ambivalent compared to highly technical large-scale forms of climate geoengineering. The analysis shows that the binding climate and biodiversity targets under international law are much more ambitious than most people assume. Measured against that, the volume critically reviews the potentials of afforestation and reforestation for climate mitigation, which is often presented as the new saviour to fulfil the commitments of the Paris Agreement and to reach climate neutrality in the future. It becomes clear that ultimately only biodiverse and thus resilient forests can function as a carbon sink in the long term. The volume shows that the existing European and international forest governance approaches fail to comply with these targets and insights. Furthermore, the book develops a bundle of policy measures. Quantity governance systems for livestock farming, fossil fuels and similar drivers of deforestations represent the most important approach. They are most effective when not directly targeting forests due to their heterogeneity but central damaging factors. With regard to the dominant regulatory and subsidy-based governance for forests we show that it remains necessary to supplement these quantity governance systems with certain easily graspable and thus controllable regulatory and subsidy regulations such as a regulatory protection of old-growth forests with almost no exceptions; extension of the livestock-to-land-ratio established in organic farming to all farming; far-reaching restriction of bioenergy use to certain residues flanked by import bans; and a national and international complete conversion of all agricultural and forest subsidies to "public money for public services" to promote nature conservation and afforestation in addition to the quantity control systems.

A marvelously illustrated look at the world's diverse forests and their ecosystems The earth's forests are havens of nature supporting a diversity of life. Shaped by climate and geography, these vast and dynamic wooded spaces offer unique ecosystems that shelter complex and interdependent webs of flora, fungi, and animals. The World Atlas of Trees and Forests offers a beautiful introduction to what forests are, how they work, how they grow, and how we map, assess, and conserve them. Provides the most wide-ranging coverage of the world's forests available Takes readers beneath the breathtaking variety of wooded canopies that span the globe Profiles a wealth of tree species, with enlightening and entertaining natural-history highlights along the way Features stunning color photos, maps, and graphics Draws on the latest cutting-edge research and technology, including satellite imagery

This book offers to a wide readership the opportunity to understand, consider and plan strategies that aim to conserve forest ecosystems across the world. This book presents ten chapters written by renowned researchers from Brazil, Argentina, Tunisia and Germany, offering to the scientific community as well as to human society as a whole important concepts, methods and gaps that we need to fill if we wish to preserve Earths forests.The authors begin this collection by demonstrating how rare tree species could be a surrogate for biodiversity in conservation decision-making (Chapter One). Sustainable management of biodiversity in woody ecosystems is the theme of Chapter Two, followed by an interesting synthesis and discussion on challenges for conservation of forests and Brazilian reptiles (Chapter Three). Prioritization of areas for permanent preservation for forest recovery aiming at landscape connectivity (Chapter Four), conservation of Aleppo pine forests for post flood and fire plantings (Chapter Five), agroforestry and its connections to REDD+ activities in the Amazon (Chapter Six), forest conservation and its challenges in tropical Africa (Chapter Seven), large dams in the Amazon and their effects on the fauna (Chapter Eight) and selection and propagation of native tree species for improving ecological restoration (Chapter Nine) are themes deeply addressed in the next contributions, including interesting case studies. This book ends with an approach to environmental suitability modeling and its potential to support conservation decisions and ecological restoration programs in virtually any part of the world (Chapter Ten).Forest Conservation: Methods, Management and Challenges is an important tool for students, researchers, decision-makers, governmental and non-governmental agencies that are interested in preserving different forest types in order to assure biodiversity conservation for current and future generations.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, the rapidly evolving COVID-19, increasing population growth, and exponential expansion in demand for agricultural commodities are putting pressure on available resources, thereby posing immense challenges to the region's capacity to achieve nutritional security related to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although Sub-Saharan Africa boasts vast, fertile and uncultivated arable lands, its capacity to contribute to feeding its current and future population is being seriously undermined by factors such as poor adoption and utilization of innovations and digital tools, climate change impact, environmental degradation, weak political will, limited interest in farming, lack of government support, and more. In spite of these constraints, sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition security in Sub-Saharan Africa can be achieved by adopting a multi-pronged approach, which includes improved agricultural mechanization, adoption of high yielding crop varieties, use of information technology, public investments in improved technologies, and rural infrastructure funding.  This edited volume provides innovative policy tools for enhancing Sub-Saharan Africa's capacity to achieve sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition security in the digital age and in the face of climate variability. Furthermore, this book presents smart strategies for increased agricultural production, reduced food waste, and enhanced nutritional outcomes by harnessing the latest discoveries in agricultural research, education and advisory services.

This book presents a comprehensive analysis of the linkages between climate change and migration in South Asia. With help of case studies, it discusses wide-ranging themes like environment, migration, and population displacement; climate change induced migration in Afghanistan; new migration crisis in Bangladesh; climate change and refugees in Bhutan; gendered perspective of displacement in India; deforestation, riverbank erosion and migration in India; internally displaced persons (IDPs) of the Maldives; migration, mitigation and legal framework in Myanmar; climate change and human mobility in Nepal; Pakistan's climate migrants; and vulnerability and resilience of Sri Lankan migrants. Part of Migrations in South Asia series, this topical book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of migration studies, diaspora studies, refugee studies, climate change and environment studies, sustainable development studies, public policy, and development studies.

"This book contributes to the literature on organized crime by providing a detailed account of the various nuances of what happens when criminal organizations misuse or penetrate legitimate businesses. It advances the existing scholarship on attacks, infiltration, and capture of legal businesses by organized crime and sheds light on the important role the private sector can play to fight back. It considers a range of industries from bars and restaurants to labour-intensive enterprises such as construction and waste management, to sectors susceptible to illicit activities including transportation, wholesale and retail trade, and businesses controlled by fragmented legislation such as gambling. Organized criminal groups capitalize on legitimate businesses beleaguered by economic downturns, government regulations, natural disasters, societal conflict, and the COVID-19 pandemic. To survive, some private companies have even become the willing partners of criminal organizations. Thus, the relationships between licit businesses and organized crime are highly varied and can range from victimization of businesses to willing collusion and even exploitation of organized crime by the private sector - albeit with arrangements that typically allow plausible deniability. In other words, these relationships are highly diverse and create a complex reality which is the focus of the articles presented here. This book will appeal to students, academics, and policy practitioners with an interest in organized crime. It will also provide important supplementary reading for undergraduate and graduate courses on topics such as transnational security issues, transnational organized crime, international criminal justice, criminal finance, non-state actors, international affairs, comparative politics, and economics and business courses"--

This book explores African domestic and regional responses and approaches to environmental protection and sustainability. Written by African experts, the collection consists of five parts covering the whole of Africa. It provides broad coverage of specific themes, including environmental constitutionalism, climate change, gender and the environment, wildlife trade, environmental justice, and human displacement. The key aims are first, to explore theoretical and empirical studies to interrogate and provide clarity on academic discourse on how and whether environmental human rights approaches and policy implications have effectively enhanced environmental protection and sustainability at African domestic levels. Second, to investigate and present innovative solutions on how African domestic legal regimes deal with environmental justice, natural resources governance, refugees' environmental rights, and climate-induced displaced persons. Finally, to propose innovative legal and institutionalised solutions to Africa's ecological realities by determining the legal and regulatory gaps on environmental human rights issues on the continent. The collection will be a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and policymakers in human rights law, environmental law, political science, ecology and conservation, environmental management, disaster management, and development studies.

This book provides an analysis of the recent governance of the Amazon in Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia with a particular focus on deforestation processes, demonstrating that current policies and political and socioeconomic dynamics in the four countries are risking the forest's resilience. The authors examine and compare Amazonian politics and policies under different administrations, concentrating on the main actors, policies and dynamics that have affected the region, as well as on the institutional and political environment in which deforestation processes were embedded in different periods. Essentially, the book makes an analytical contribution towards a better understanding of the political, economic and social challenges confronting conservation policy in the Amazonian countries. Climate Change and Biodiversity Governance in the Amazon: At the Edge of Ecological Collapse? is essential reading for students and researchers in the fields of environmental studies and sustainability, Latin American studies, political science and international relations, as well as for policymakers and practitioners working in conservation and development.

Brazil after Bolsonaro captures and presents the voices of a wide range of stakeholders including academics and journalists in Brazil and abroad to produce the first systematic engagement with Lula's latest presidency. Providing fair and balanced perspectives on Lula, the authors examine the legacy of Lula's previous presidency; what happened in the interim in the eras of Rousseff, Temer, and Bolsonaro; and what are the challenges facing a new Lula administration. This book is divided into three main sections (Background to change, Context and issues, and Foreign policy) and chapters detail the political, social, and economic dimensions of change in Brazil and its wider repercussions. A fourth section sees Luís Guillermo Solís Rivera, President of Costa Rica from 2014 to 2018, offer reflections on Lula from the perspective of a fellow president. Assuming no prior knowledge and written in an accessible style, this book is ideal for those seeking to further their understanding of contemporary politics in Brazil and to learn the context and consequences of the transfer of power from Jair Bolsonaro to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the vulnerabilities of socio-economic systems globally and exposed the risks that natural capital degradation imposes on human health, economy, and society. This book studies the environmental challenges faced by developing economies in a post-COVID-19 world. Exploring diverse case studies from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, the volume discusses the impact that economic development and, recently, COVID-19 has had on the environment, ecology, and economy of these regions. It analyses nature conservation policies aimed at minimizing ecological damage arising from economic development and discusses the policy objectives of sustainable development. It also highlights the significant role that environmental economics networks have played in capacity building, framing of policies using ecological economics tools, and developing a local leadership trained in addressing local sustainability issues. An important contribution to the study of environmental economics of the Global South, the book will be of interest to students and researchers of economics, environment, development studies, development economics, environmental policies, and South Asia studies. It will also be useful for policymakers and NGOs working in this field.

"Plants in tropical region are coping with enormous challenge of physiological stresses owing to the changing environmental and climatic conditions. Rapid growth of human population and rampant exploitation of fossil fuels and other developmental activities are actively contributing to such perturbations. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has projected a sustained increase in CO2 and thereby rise in global temperature in the coming decades. The resultant changes in precipitation pattern are now evident across the globe due to intensification of hydrological cycle. Moreover, gaseous, and particulate pollutants are also an immense challenge for tropical plants. Such vagaries in environmental conditions have significant impact on the eco-physiological traits of plants, resulting from altered interactions of tropical plants with each other as well as other biotic and abiotic components within the ecosystem. Books available in the market that particularly focuses on eco-physiological responses of tropical plants to abiotic and biotic environmental factors under climate change are limited. This book intends to fill this knowledge gap and provides a detailed analysis on eco-physiological responses of tropical plants to these environmental challenges as well as suggest some approachable measures for plant adaptations to these challenges. The book is equally applicable to undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, teachers and forest managers, and policy makers"--

The Routledge Handbook of Applied Climate Change Ethics is a powerful reference source for the identification and exploration of the underlying ethical issues in climate change law and policy. Bridging theory with practice, it takes ethical engagement out of the classroom and into the halls of governance. The Handbook's 39 chapters - written by a diverse and inter-disciplinary team of experts from around the world - are case studies divided into five parts. Parts I-IV highlight the ethical issues that arise in climate change policy formation, from duties not to harm to duties to consider the views and voices of those who will be, or are being, harmed; from the role of human rights, justice, and democracy to how to identify and respond to disinformation and denialism. It also raises the ethics of various policy responses, such as cap-and-trade, carbon taxing, and geo-engineering. Part V offers a way forward, with strategies on how to expressly consider ethics in climate change policy formation, from negotiations to education, media, communication, and the power and potential of shaming. The volume is essential reading for students, professors, and practitioners who wish to better engage with government and non-government organizations on climate policy, to better understand the practical application of the theory and philosophy of ethics, and to more strongly draft and defend ethical action in negotiating, drafting, and defending climate change law and policy.

The Routledge Handbook of Latin America and the Environment provides an in-depth and accessible analysis and theorization of environmental issues in the region. It will help readers make connections between Latin American and other regions' perspectives, experiences, and environmental concerns. Latin America has seen an acceleration of environmental degradation due to the expansion of resource extraction and urban areas. This Handbook addresses Latin America not only as an object of study, but also as a region with a long and profound history of critical thinking on these themes. Furthermore, the Handbook departs from most treatments on the topic by studying the environment as a social issue inextricably linked to politics, economy, and culture. The Handbook will be an invaluable resource for those wanting not only to understand the issues, but also to engage with ideas about environmental politics and social-ecological transformation. The Handbook covers a broad range of topics organized according to three areas: physical geography, ecology, and crucial environmental problems of the region. These are key theoretical and methodological issues used to understand Latin America's ecosocial contexts, and institutional and grassroots practices related to more just and ecologically sustainable worlds. The Handbook will set a research agenda for the near future and provide comprehensive research on most subregions relative to environmental transformations, challenges, struggles and political processes. It stands as a fresh and much needed state of the art introduction for researchers, scholars, post-graduates and academic audiences on Latin American contributions to theorization, empirical research and environmental practices.

Understanding Global Crises is an innovative and interdisciplinary text that investigates the key contemporary economic, social, and environmental crises and demonstrates their deep interconnection. Contributing to the discussion of large-scale crises, this book provides a conceptual framework to understand the current global landscape. Essential cascading crises topics, such as economic collapse, climate change, racial injustice, domestic violence, and epistemic oppression, are explored in order to equip readers with the clarity to understand global crises, assess policy interventions, and analyze social responses. To achieve future resilience, the book shows that society must recognize various forms of inequality and make policy changes. Each chapter showcases an international case study, covering real-life examples of topics such as climate disinformation, vaccine distribution disparities, environmental racism, and socioeconomic deprivation. Other features of the book include key terms, suggested further reading, and discussion questions, as well as online supplements comprising PowerPoint slides and an instructor's guide. Understanding Global Crises will be a valuable text to support courses in economics, environmental studies, political science, public health, and social policy.

Humans have long neglected to fully consider the impact of their behaviour on the environment. From excessive consumption of fossil fuels and natural resources to pollution, waste disposal, and, in more recent years, climate change, most people and institutions lack a clear understanding of the environmental consequences of their actions. The new field of behavioural environmental economics seeks to address this by applying the framework of behavioural economics to environmental issues, thereby rationalizing unexplained puzzles and providing a more realistic account of individual behaviour. This book provides a complete and rigorous overview of environmental topics that may be addressed and, in many instances, better understood by integrating a behavioural approach. This volume features state-of-the-art research on this topic by influential scholars in behavioural and environmental economics, focussing on the effects of psychological, social and cognitive factors on the decision-making process. It presents research performed using different methods and data collection mechanisms (e.g. laboratory experiments, field experiments, natural experiments, online surveys) on a variety of environmental topics (e.g. sustainability, natural resources). This book is a comprehensive and innovative tool for researchers and students interested in the behavioural economics of the environment and in the design of policy interventions aimed at reducing the human impact on the environment.

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a highly reactive constituent of the soil matrix because of its large surface area, high ion exchange capacity, enormous affinity for water due to hygroscopicity, and capacity to form organo-mineral complexes. It is an important source and sink of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases depending on climate, land use, soil and crop management, and a wide range of abiotic and biotic factors, including the human dimensions of socioeconomic and political factors. Agroecosystems are among important controls of the global carbon cycle with a strong impact on anthropogenic or abrupt climate change. This volume of Advances in Soil Sciences explains pedological processes set-in-motion by increases in SOM content of depleted and degraded soils. It discusses the relationship between SOM content and critical soil quality parameters including aggregation, water retention and transport, aeration and gaseous exchange, and chemical composition of soil air. The book identifies policy options needed to translate science into action for making sustainable management of SOM as a strategy for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change. Features: Relates soil organic matter stock to soil processes, climate parameters, vegetation, landscape attributes Establishes relationships between soil organic matter and land use, species, and climate Identifies land use systems for protecting and restoring soil organic matter stock Links soil organic matter stock with the global carbon cycle for mitigation of climate change Part of the Advances in Soil Sciences series, this volume will appeal to agricultural, environmental, and soil scientists demonstrating the link between soil organic matter stock and provisioning of critical ecosystem services for nature and humans.

Le rapport État des Forêts du bassin du Congo est publié périodiquement pour présenter les écosystèmes forestiers d’Afrique centrale et leur environnement de gestion. Faisant suite à l’édition 2015 qui a été entièrement consacrée aux changements climatiques, le rapport 2021 comporte quatre parties dont la première dresse un bilan effectif de l’état de la ressource qui est de plus en plus reconnue au niveau mondial comme étant un massif forestier essentiel pour la séquestration du carbone et la conservation de la diversité biologique. Le présent rapport met en perspective les écosystèmes forestiers du bassin du Congo dans le contexte mondial caractérisé par des débats qui orienteront la gestion de toutes les forêts tropicales du monde pendant les décennies à venir. Il aborde aussi des thématiques d’actualité telles que la gestion des tourbières et les interrogations sur la relation entre la gestion des ressources de la biodiversité et l’émergence ou la réémergence de maladies zoonotiques dont la COVID-19 a particulièrement affecté le contexte de sa rédaction. Enfin, ce rapport identifie les principaux défis qui doivent être relevés, pour parvenir à une gestion durable des écosystèmes forestiers du bassin du Congo, afin qu’elle contribue au mieux à l’amélioration des moyens de subsistance et du cadre de vie des populations locales et des peuples autochtones.

The Rise of Green Extractivism tackles the understudied interconnections between extractivism and climate-smart policies and their implications for rural livelihoods, both theoretically and empirically. This new variation of extractivism arises as an innovative way in which capitalist production and accumulation unfolds and constitutes a convenient analytical tool in today's focus on reducing or compensating for emissions. The book consolidates 'extractivism' as a theoretical framework that fully challenges contemporary capitalism's dynamics, particularly in the current global environmental crisis. It explores new dynamics of accumulation, resource grabbing and legitimation strategies. These are approached as mechanisms of appropriation of resources that produce social, economic and ecological implications to be considered in the current agrarian question debates. By analysing the implementation and outcomes of green policies, the author shows that new strategies of capital accumulation arise through the creation of new commodities, markets, vehicles of accumulation and ways of legitimising capital accumulation. A new and 'greener' frontier of accumulation is constituted. These emerging processes of commodification bring along new waves of expropriation that further cut into the necessary consumption of rural populations. Insights from empirical cases explored in this book show how this new wave of green investments and projects, directly linked to climate change concerns, is further expropriating livelihoods and fuelling capital accumulation in the name of the fight against climate change. This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and researchers of political economy, globalization, development studies, economics, political ecology, agrarian studies and environmental studies. It will also inform and provide policymakers with evidence-based insights into their decision-making process when designing and implementing climate change mitigation and adaptation policies, especially in developing countries.

This book examines the implications of the net zero transition for food and farming in the UK and how these can be managed to avoid catastrophic climate change in the crucial decades ahead. For the UK to meet its international obligations for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, nothing short of a revolution is required in our use of land, our farming practices and our diet. Taking a historical approach, the book examines the evolution of agriculture and the food system in the UK over the last century and discusses the implications of tackling climate change for food, farming and land use, setting the UK situation in an international context. The chapters analyse the key challenges for this transition, including dietary change and food waste, afforestation and energy crops, and low-emission farming practices. This historical perspective helps develop an understanding of how our food, farming and land use system has evolved to be the way that it is, and draws lessons for how the agri-food system could evolve further to support the transition to net zero and avoid catastrophic climate change. Written in a clear and accessible style, this book will be essential reading to students and scholars of food, agriculture and the environment, as well as policymakers and professionals involved climate change policy and the agriculture and food industry.

The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the vulnerabilities of socio-economic systems globally and exposed the risks that natural capital degradation imposes on human health, economy, and society. This book studies the environmental challenges faced by developing economies in a post-COVID-19 world. Exploring diverse case studies from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, the volume discusses the impact that economic development and, recently, COVID-19 has had on the environment, ecology, and economy of these regions. It analyses nature conservation policies aimed at minimizing ecological damage arising from economic development and discusses the policy objectives of sustainable development. It also highlights the significant role that environmental economics networks have played in capacity building, framing of policies using ecological economics tools, and developing a local leadership trained in addressing local sustainability issues. An important contribution to the study of environmental economics of the Global South, the book will be of interest to students and researchers of economics, environment, development studies, development economics, environmental policies, and South Asia studies. It will also be useful for policymakers and NGOs working in this field.