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Abstract: This study examined the determinants of image and image fit between a sport and its domestic and international governing bodies. Data were collected using eight online surveys (n = 1,862). Each of the eight surveys focused on a single sport and either its national or international governing organization (e.g., athletics and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) or athletics and the German Athletics Federation). Regression analyses revealed that sport interest, trust, age, and gender significantly influenced the overall image fit of the sport with the organization. Trust was significantly associated with both sport image and organization image. Sport organizations should become more adept at leveraging their association with their (positively viewed) athletes and their sport. To leverage the link with their sport, sport organizations should associate themselves with “feel good” dimensions of their sport. This study is the first to examine image fit between a sport and its domestic and international governing organization.
Résumé: Des organisations sportives qui œuvrent à l’échelle locale, nationale ou internationale se retrouvent régulièrement sous le feu des projecteurs. Et pas nécessairement pour les bonnes raisons… En effet, les affaires de corruption, de malversation ou tout simplement de mauvaise gestion font les manchettes et entachent leur réputation. Le moment est-il venu de réformer de fond en comble leur mode de gouvernance ?
Résumé: Le sport s’est développé depuis le xxe siècle à partir des « valeurs éternelles du sport » du comte Pierre de Coubertin, diffusées à travers les Jeux olympiques et par sa progressive institutionnalisation dans la société mondiale. Par son inclusion dans des programmes comme Erasmus ou des projets avec des États non membres, la « diplomatie sportive » atteint une dimension sociale, culturelle et politique, voire même de « langage » dans et hors l’UE. Elle devient alors un pilier de la diplomatie publique, sans recours à la propagande ni influence ouvertement gouvernementale.
Abstract: This study contributes to our understanding of how network structures influence cluster governance and consequently cluster outcomes. We investigate the relational structure of cross-sectoral sport clusters and how these influence network governance. We employed a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative research data and social network analysis (SNA). Forty-nine interviews were conducted with employees from the surfing clusters in Aquitaine (France) and Torquay (Australia). The interview transcripts were subjected to two rounds of coding prior to SNA on an aggregated actor level. Findings from both show the core is comprised of five actor types, while five other actor types are peripheral. The French case is a Network Administrative Organisation-governed Network while the Australian case is a Leading Group-governed Network. This article contributes to knowledge on network governance, more specifically on network governance in sport clusters. We extend existing theory on network governance by suggesting a fourth, intermediate mode of network governance, the leading group-governed network. Furthermore, our research provides insights for sport clusters, an under-researched context in interorganisational sport networks.
Abstract: Esport is an enigma – at once a sport; technological innovation; and profit maximizing business. As a sport, it has much in common with traditional sports. It has leagues and franchises, teams and skilled players, competitions, sponsors, broadcasters and, at the elite level, significant prize money and all the risks that come with it. As a technological innovation, it has created new markets and value networks outside the control of sports’ traditional hegemony. And while many sports today generate significant revenues, esports differ because of the primacy of its profit motive. Unlike traditional sports, it does not see itself as the custodian of artefacts of great socio-cultural importance. This gives rise to a plethora of governance, policy, regulatory and legal issues. This article examines these issues through the lens of regulatory scholarship. Regulatory scholarship provides a valuable framework for examining why governments regulate in the form in which they regulate. Regulatory theory looks behind governments’ stated public interest purposes to examine the impact private interests, institutional parameters, and ideational currents have on the regulatory endeavour. Regulatory scholarship enables us to look beyond traditional doctrinal law to debate the many complex issues and multiple perspectives inherent in the phenomena that is esports.
Abstract: This article applies and expands on a typology of organizational corruption control to analyze the various mechanisms used to address corruption within the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). It uses case study evidence in tandem with insights from neo-institutional theory to construct a conceptual framework in which corruption control types are more completely examined within their broader institutional context. Using this framework, the article shows how the persistence of corruption in FIFA and its checkered reform process are attributable to an organizational filtering phenomenon that has limited the operation of internal and external corruption controls. Finally, it discusses some implications of this framework for transnational organizational governance reform.
Abstract: What explains the reversal of transnational private rule-making authority? Embedding constructivist insights within a rational principal–agent model, this article advances a five-step sequential process that nuances the traditional explanation of delegitimation. It argues that entrepreneurs must first successfully promote the belief that the high costs of ineffective private policies follow from the private rule-setter's flawed institutional attributes. Subsequently, a de-delegation solution that minimizes transaction and uncertainty costs must be proposed. The examination of two cases in the field of international sport governance, namely the deliberate reversal of private authority in anti-doping governance and the lack thereof in anti-match-fixing governance, lends support to these propositions. It sheds new light on the creation of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and explains why there will probably be no counterpart to fight match-fixing.
Abstract: Reviews the economic significance of international sport, and the need to develop appropriate mechanisms of transnational sporting governance. Discusses the challenges of sporting regulation, the benefits of public oversight, and the potential role of the EU in regulating sports governing bodies. Considers the principles good sporting governance should encompass, including financial transparency, and how these might be implemented.
Abstract: This High-Level Policy Dialogue, organised by the School of Transnational Governance of the European University Institute, brought together policy experts, leading academics and journalists in the fields of sports and transnational governance, to debate the topic of 'Sports Governance'. During the discussion, the participants agreed that there are several crucial challenges in the field of sports governance. Discussions centred around issues how to guarantee integrity in sports and the need for better mechanisms of checks and balances in its governance bodies. The discussions also focused on the public oversight of sports governance and on the weaknesses and strengths of different institutional alternatives (i.e. national, supranational, international) in exerting discipline over the autonomy of sports governing bodies. Participants stressed the expanding nature of sports business and discussed a variety of good governance principles that must be employed on several aspects of sports regulation and management. To this end, many highlighted that the European Union (EU) can be an agent of change toward the synthesis of a good governance framework in sports.
Abstract: Globalisation has seen regulation move beyond the state. International sports offer a strong example, with the evolution of an extensive system of global regulation and law. The creation of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, the development of the world anti-doping regime, and more recent efforts to battle corruption, are but a few of its more prominent elements. A significant feature of this system is the international partnering of private and government bodies. However, this partnership is not without its challenges. Its evolution reveals inherent tensions between international and national regulatory regimes, as international sporting organisations challenge the sovereignty of the nation-state. This article critically examines the evolving private-public partnership that is international sports regulation. In particular, it investigates two case studies: the International Olympic Committee and the Federation Internationale de Football Association. The intellectual lenses of public-private partnership and of power are adopted to analyse these cases. The social, cultural, political and economic importance of sport makes examining the evolution of international sports regulation an interesting and valuable exercise. Studying it also potentially offers valuable insights and lessons for the development of international regulatory systems and global law-making more broadly.
Abstract: The aim of this article is to investigate the influence of gendered emotional relations on gender equality in the governance of Australian sport organizations. Theoretically the study draws on the concept of a gender regime, a pattern of gender relations characterized by four interwoven dimensions of social life: production, power, emotions, and symbolism. This article reports on two case studies: sport boards C and E. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the two CEOs and nine directors of two Australian national sport organizations, sport C and sport E. Sport board C exhibited a gender regime of masculine hegemony in transition while sport board E had a regime of gender mainstreaming in progress. Supportive emotional relations between directors offered positive prospects for gender equality in the governance of sport organizations; however, they needed to operate in conjunction with other gender dimensions.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the changing global sport governance environment in a globalized society. To do so, it focuses on the various international actors who participate in modern global sport governance. Taken into consideration the special global governing features of world sport, the paper aims at discussing the globalization of sport governance in relation to the emergence of the multi-actor perspective in global governance with emphasis given to the operation of the Olympic Movement as the perceived legitimate governing authority in sport politics. Aspects of the impact of sport globalization as discussed in this paper are evident in recent developments in the governance of a number of global sport organizations.
Abstract: An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various articles in the issue on topics including characteristics of corporate and democratic governance; conflict between sport's democratizing rhetoric and authoritarian regimes; and global sport governance.
Abstract: This article examines the current state of sport governance research within the field of sport management. In adopting Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, a scoping review was conducted involving a comprehensive search of all published literature between 1980 and 2016. The process involved searching four electronic databases and a manual search of sport management journals. The search identified (N = 243) journal articles that examined sport governance–related issues. Findings are presented as a frequency and thematic analysis. The frequency analysis reveals a notable increase in sport governance research in recent years with a large number of nonempirical studies focused on the not-for-profit sector. The thematic analysis draws upon and extends Henry and Lee’s three notions of governance and identifies sport governance–related topics, research contexts, and social issues. Findings indicate that all three forms of governance (organizational, systemic, and political) have contributed to our understanding of sport governance, but more empirical and theoretically driven research is needed.
Extrait: Les quatre ouvrages analysés ici réagissent à un ensemble de scandales liés aux fraudes, aux dérives marchandes et à la gouvernance du sport international. Circus Maximus est rédigé par un universitaire américain qui démontre que les grands événements sportifs (GES, soit la Coupe du monde de football et Jeux olympiques) ont rarement un impact économique positif pour l’économie du pays qui les accueille. Dans Le scandale de la FIFA, le journaliste d’investigation Andrew Jennings décrit, pour sa part, l’institutionnalisation de la fraude et la corruption au sein des instances du football mondial. Ethics and Governance in Sport est, quant à lui, un recueil de contributions d’universitaires cherchant des solutions pour promouvoir l’éthique et la bonne gouvernance dans le sport. Enfin, Libérer le sport, co-signé par un homme politique et un journaliste français, appelle à une reprise en main du sport, notamment par l’État, dans le but de favoriser l’intégration sociale et le vivre ensemble, ainsi que de rapprocher le sport professionnel du sport pour tous. Ces ouvrages ne se contentent pas de diagnostiquer les maux du sport contemporain. Chacun, à sa façon, propose des solutions et des pistes d’évolutions. Cette littérature nouvelle reflète un débat émergent dont la singularité est de mettre au centre de la table la définition de la gouvernance du sport moderne. Des questions essentielles sont ainsi posées sur l’avenir du sport, son mode financement, ses impacts sociétaux et les transitions imposées par les troubles institutionnels actuels.
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