Security and Defence

European states have embarked on the long road to rebuilding their defence capabilities. After decades of underinvestment in the armed forces and the defence-industrial base, the challenges are significant. However, since Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, NATO countries have committed to ambitious readiness and war-fighting plans. Against this background, this IISS Strategic Dossier evaluates key areas for building defence capabilities in Europe, including recent developments in the transatlantic defence ecosystem, defence spending, defence-industrial production capacity, building more resilient forces and improving supply-chain security. Europe's ability to meet its NATO commitments will depend on the degree to which it manages to address these important issues. The analysis covers the trend of increased defence spending by most European NATO members and the growth in defence production capacity in important capability areas. It also provides insights into the ways in which various European countries have sought to address their recruitment and retention challenges. The volume discusses other ongoing challenges, including uncertainty over the long-term affordability, sustainability and effectiveness of increased defence spending in Europe. In addition, the dossier highlights the requirement for long-term government investment, as well as firm demand signals, in order to sustain increased defence production. This IISS Strategic Dossier was produced in the context of the IISS Prague Defence Summit (PDS) 2024, which has been supported by the government of the Czech Republic.

Exploring the ebb and flow of European security from the end of the Second World War to the present day, Richard Rose examines why security cannot be taken for granted today and what this means for the future of security in Europe. Since 1949 military security from the Black Sea to Washington's Potomac River has been guaranteed by NATO with the White House in command. He reminds us that masses of Europeans enjoyed unprecedented economic security as the European Union has replaced competition in armaments with competition in a single European market. The fall of the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union restructured the map of Europe and encouraged the United States to turn toward China. However, Vladimir Putin's attempt to revive a Soviet-style version of security by invading Ukraine has stimulated aid to Ukraine as it fights a proxy war to protect the security of Europe. Looking ahead, Rose asks whether European governments are able to defend themselves as America's commitment to Europe becomes less reliable; the challenge to Europe of helping fund the reconstruction of Ukraine; questions the conditions in which the European Union and NATO could admit Ukraine as a member; and sets out where Britain fits in as a NATO but not an EU member-state.

Avec la déstabilisation du Moyen-Orient, la crise migratoire, les attentats terroristes, le retour de la menace russe, le Brexit ou encore l'élection de Donald Trump, la décennie 2010 a semblé redéfinir les contours de la sécurité européenne, en rappelant combien celle-ci reposait sur un fragile équilibre élaboré progressivement depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. C'est sur l'émergence et le développement des principes, des acteurs et des outils de cette sécurité qu'entend revenir cet ouvrage. L'objectif de cette synthèse est d'inscrire dans le temps long les mécanismes qui président aux paramètres de la sécurité des Européens, en insistant sur les ruptures et continuités de la période qui s'étend de 1945 à nos jours, qu'il s'agisse du rôle de l'OTAN et des États-Unis, de celui de l'URSS et de la Russie, des enjeux de la dissuasion nucléaire, des négociations de désarmement et de sécurité collective, des aléas de la politique européenne de défense, de la lutte contre le terrorisme ou de la dépendance énergétique aux régions extra-européennes. En livrant une analyse à la fois thématique et chronologique de ces questions, cet ouvrage souhaite fournir les clés de compréhension d'un enjeu majeur des relations internationales qui, avec le début de la guerre en Ukraine, s'inscrit dans une dramatique actualité.

Future War and the Defence of Europe offers a major new analysis of how peace and security can be maintained in Europe: a continent that has suffered two cataclysmic conflicts since 1914. Taking as its starting point the COVID-19 pandemic and way it will inevitably accelerate some key globaldynamics already in play, the book goes on to weave history, strategy, policy, and technology into a compelling analytical narrative. It lays out in forensic detail the scale of the challenge Europeans and their allies face if Europe's peace is to be upheld in a transformative century. The bookupends foundational assumptions about how Europe's defence is organised, the role of a fast-changing transatlantic relationship, NATO, the EU, and their constituent nation-states. At the heart of the book is a radical vision of a technology-enabling future European defence, built around a new kindof Atlantic Alliance, an innovative strategic public-private partnership, and the future hyper-electronic European force, E-Force, it must spawn. Europeans should be under no illusion: unless they do far more for their own defence, and very differently, all that they now take for granted could belost in the maze of hybrid war, cyber war, and hyper war they must face.

This book examines how internal and external security are blurring at the EU level, and the implications this has for EU security governance and the EU as a security actor. The EU claims that 'internal and external security are inseparable' and requires a more integrated approach. This book critically assesses this claim in relation to the threats facing the EU, its responses to them, and the practical and normative implications for EU security governance and actorness. It sets out a novel conceptual framework - the EU security continuum - to examine the ways and extent to which internal and external security are blurring along three axes: geographic, bureaucratic, and functional. This is done through an analysis of four key security issues, regional conflict, terrorism, organised crime, and cybersecurity. The book demonstrates that, to varying degrees, these security threats and/or responses do transcend boundaries. However, institutional turf wars and capability silos hamper the EU's integrated approach and, therefore, its management of transboundary security threats. Yet, the EU's pursuit of an integrated approach is reframing its claimed normative distinctiveness toward a more practical one, based on a transnational and multidimensional approach. Such a rearticulation, if implemented, would make the EU a genuinely transboundary security actor, properly structured and equipped to tackle the 21st century's internal-external security continuum. This book will be of much interest to students of European Security, EU politics, and international relations.

Une méthode de pédagogie pour initier un dialogue stratégique, notamment dans les domaines de la puissance navale et de la dissuasion nucléaire, à l'échelle de l'Union européenne. Le but est de créer une puissance militaire égale aux Etats-Unis, à la Chine ou à la Russie.