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Abstract: Money laundering (ML) is a critical source of extracting the money illegally from the financial system. It is linked to various types of crimes, including corruption, exploitation of a specific community, drug use, and many others. Detection of ML operations is a difficult task on a global scale due to the large volume of financial transactions. However, it also allows criminals to use financial systems to carry out fraudulent transactions. It mainly concern minimizing the potentially risks associated with money laundering. Anti-money laundering-(AML) tools based on AI-driven applications are now tracking transactions to overcome this challenge. A total of 112 research papers are assessed to identify the literature’s gaps and suggest new directions for the research area accordingly. The findings of this systemic literature review work will not only open new paths for the research community, but will also assist the state agencies in developing an optimal AML system to counter these major issues and provide a healthy environment for their residents. This article seeks to assess the existing situation from various angles and open up new pathways for future research directions to investigate and build high levels of authenticity and security in the financial industry using artificial intelligence (AI).
Abstract: This paper investigates the motivations behind Central Banks’ issuance of digital currencies (CBDC) and the associated risks, including potential misuse and distrust from international actors. Non-issuance of CBDC could hinder financial innovation, while issuance might introduce risks related to cybercriminality and misuse by rogue nations. This study balances these motives by assessing whether sentiment provides significant insights for policymakers and regulators. Utilising social media data, we analyse the impact of CBDC-related central bank releases, severe negative events, and contagion effects from traditional financial markets on CBDC sentiment. Our findings reveal that central bank announcements generally boost positive sentiment towards CBDCs through the provision of reassurance, whereas major geopolitical events trigger significant fluctuations in sentiment. The research highlights the critical role of sentiment analysis in understanding external influences on the development and implementation of CBDCs.
Abstract: This paper highlights the growth and importance of stablecoins since they were launched 10 years ago. We outline their impact on the cryptocurrency ecosystem as well as the financial system as a whole, while also summarising the main findings in the literature. Finally, we outline future research directions. Cryptocurrencies have emerged as a new asset class since Bitcoin started trading on the 3rd January 2009. The market for cryptocurrencies has experienced unprecedented growth, fostering a wave of innovation and academic research across many disciplines. Various categories within the cryptocurrency ecosystem have emerged, such as decentralised finance (DeFi), the metaverse, privacy coins, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), and even meme coins, each spawning its own cryptocurrencies. One of the largest and, arguably, most important and impactful categories has been stablecoins. Stablecoins are a type of cryptocurrency that attempt to maintain a stable price against any other asset, but in most cases, the US dollar. They aim to provide exposure to their chosen asset and, in the vast majority of cases, offer a stable asset to hold in the volatile world of cryptocurrencies. The first stablecoin went live on 21st July 2014.
Abstract: This article analyzes the negative impact of cryptocurrency mining activities on the environment and analyzes the urgency of cryptocurrency mining policy to protect the environment. This analysis was carried out by conducting a comparative study of regulations in countries open to the development of cryptocurrency, including Indonesia, the United States, China, and Iran. The results of this comparison are used as material for constructing environmentally friendly cryptocurrency mining regulations to be implemented in various countries. This type of research is legal research. The research approaches are the statutory, comparative, and case approaches. Data was collected using the literature study method, and technical data analysis was carried out using a qualitative juridical method. The results of this research are how to prevent and combat the negative impacts of cryptocurrency mining activities on the environment, including implementing several policies including minimizing greenhouse gas emissions, ensuring reliable energy, encouraging transparency and increasing environmental performance, data search to understand, monitor, and reduce impact, enactment of energy efficiency standards, besides that it is necessary to implement transaction fees and carbon taxes for cryptocurrency mining.
Abstract: The hospitality industry generates significant food waste, leading to adverse environmental and economic impacts, social and ethical concerns, legal and regulatory issues, and operational challenges. The lack of traceability and trust among stakeholders in the hospitality industry exacerbates the expensive and difficult nature of food waste management. This work proposes a blockchain-based solution that aims to minimize food waste generated in hospitality outlets, thereby fostering a sustainable food ecosystem. Within this context, the term ’sustainable food ecosystem’ refers to the interconnected network of stakeholders involved in the responsible management of food resources within the hospitality industry. In this context, we categorize these stakeholders under the umbrella of ’food resource management entities,’ encompassing both food donation organizations and recycling companies, recognizing their distinct roles in the effective management of surplus food resources. With our proposed solution, businesses can track and verify the origin, movement, and disposal of food items in real-time, facilitating streamlined inventory planning, waste reduction, and heightened operational efficiency. Additionally, the proposed system ensures transparency and accountability, guaranteeing the proper and efficient disposal of food waste. Using a permissioned Ethereum network, our solution establishes seamless connectivity between food and beverage outlets and various food resource management entities.
Abstract: Modern organ transplant and donor procedures present numerous necessities and also obstacles related to Organ procurement, their delivery, and transplanting are all steps in the enrolment, matchmaking, and disposal process. These processes must adhere to various legal, clinical, ethical, and technical limitations. Consequently, there is a need for a comprehensive organ donation and transplantation system that ensures fairness, efficiency, and an improved experience for patients, ultimately fostering trust in the system. In this research paper, we introduce a ground-breaking solution based on the utilization of a private Ethereum blockchain. This approach revolutionizes the administration of organ gift and transplantation by establishing a copiously reorganized, sheltered, appreciable, auditable, cloistered, as well as truthful framework. Our solution is built upon the development of intelligent smart contracts and is accompanied by the presentation of six sophisticated algorithms, including their thorough enactment, trying, and endorsement procedures. To gauge the effectiveness of our projected result, we undertake an extensive evaluation encompassing privacy, security, and confidentiality analyses. Additionally, we conduct a comprehensive comparison against existing solutions to highlight the advantages and advancements offered by our system. By leveraging the potential of blockchain technology and incorporating smart contracts, our solution addresses the complexities and limitations that have plagued organ donation and transplantation systems. This research aims to enhance the overall efficacy and slide of the procedure, ultimately benefiting disease one in require of life-saving tissue relocates.
Abstract: This article investigates if cryptocurrencies returns' are similarly affected by a selection of demand‐andsupply‐side determinants. Homogeneity among crypto-currencies is tested via a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model where determinants of Bitcoin returns are applied to a sample of 12 cryptocurrencies. The analysis goes beyond existing research by simultaneously covering different periods and design choices of cryptocurrencies. The results show that cryptocurrencies are heterogeneous, apart from some similarities in the impact of technical determinants and cybercrime. The crypto currency market displays evidence of substitution effects, and design choices related explain the impact of the determinants of return.
Abstract: Amid the current climate emergency and global energy crisis, regulators have started to consider their options to limit the power demand of cryptocurrency networks. One specific way crypto-asset communities can limit their environmental impact is by avoiding or replacing the energy-intensive proof-of-work (PoW) mining mechanism. Ethereum, the second largest crypto-asset by market capitalization, had its PoW replaced with an alternative known as proof-of-stake during an event called The Merge on September 15, 2022. In this perspective, the likely range of electricity saved due to this change is estimated, while the limitations in assessing these figures are highlighted. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities in replicating The Merge on other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are discussed.
Abstract: Since the inauguration of cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin has been under pressure from competing tokens. As Bitcoin is a public open ledger blockchain coin, it has its weaknesses in privacy and anonymity. In the recent decade numerous coins have been initiated as privacy coins, which try to tackle these weaknesses. This research compares mostly mature privacy coins to Bitcoin, and comparison is made from a price perspective. It seems that Bitcoin is leading privacy coins in price terms, and correlation is typically high and positive. From the earlier crypto market peak of 2017–18, only a very small number of coins are showing positive returns in 2021. It is typical that many privacy coins have lost substantial amounts of their value (ranging 80–90%) or that they do not exist anymore at all. Only Horizen and Monero have shown long-term sustainability in their value; however, their price changes follow that of Bitcoin very closely. The role of privacy coins in the future remains as an open issue.
Abstract: Consuming large amounts of electricity is not incidental to Bitcoin, but instead, it is another immutable characteristic at the core of Bitcoin. The causal link between C02 emissions and Bitcoin
mining cannot be treated so blase. Instead of relying on Bitcoin itself to reduce its emissions, government actors must intervene and regulate. Bitcoin could double the magnitude of climate-related
disasters, without regulation or innovation. Governments must realize the sustainability of Bitcoin is not plausible and could be detrimental to the climate if there is no action to reduce their energy
consumption.
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