Green Deal and Road Transport: Air Pollution and CO2 Reduction

This open access book explores a vision for a sustainable future in urban mobility through the AVENUE project, showcasing full-scale demonstrations of automated minibuses in European cities. AVENUE pioneers on-demand, door-to-door services, challenging traditional fixed bus itineraries. It delves into the implementation of automated vehicles, emphasizing safety, services, cybersecurity, and accessibility. Part two evaluates the economic, environmental, and social impacts on companies, citizens, and cities. By integrating automated vehicles into Mobility-as-a-Service and Intelligent Transport Systems, the book argues for the using of automated vehicles as game changer towards a transformative shift to sustainable, citizen-centric mobility. It advocates for efficiency, flexibility, and resilience of the transport system without imposing coercive transformation policies.

Short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs), including methane, black carbon, hydrofluorocarbons, and tropospheric ozone, have become part of climate policy debates. Discussion has revolved around the potential of their mitigation to slow down global warming in the short term and bring about co-benefits, for instance, for air quality and public health. This book provides the first comprehensive analysis of global SLCP law and governance. A diverse array of contributors delves into the science and evolution of the concept of SLCPs, analyses the legal and governance responses developed under various international and transnational arenas, and discusses selected sectoral case studies.

Sustainable Mass Transit: Challenges and Opportunities in Urban Public Transportation, Second Edition highlights the many sustainability solutions and alternatives to fossil fuel usage including renewable energy and efficiency in mass transit, as well as the conservation of materials, water, and air and the overall health of communities. This new edition will update the reader on developments in the field since 2017 and advancements in sustainability solutions. It explores how Environmental Management System frameworks improve environmental performance in the operations, maintenance, design, rehabilitation, and expansion of a mass transportation system. The book covers the numerous types of mass transit systems, looking closely at all their key functions, including operations, maintenance, development, design, building, and retrofitting. It explores the mitigation measures that reduce or eliminate negative environmental impacts, including green infrastructure, materials conservation, ecological conservation, and more. It covers energy, greenhouse gas emissions, toxic pollution and other significant environmental impacts, recycling, and more. It also examines organizational best practices and environmental regulatory constraints and life cycle assessments, describing which sustainable elements can be added while rehabilitating or expanding a mass transportation infrastructure or ancillary facility. The book concludes with a look at forthcoming sustainable initiatives that will enhance mass transit systems.

Cette thèse étudie le comportement des utilisateurs de véhicules face aux nouvelles technologies, envisage les futures ruptures technologiques et propose des politiques publiques pour promouvoir la mobilité durable en France. Le premier chapitre décrypte les préférences des usagers envers les innovations automobiles grâce à une expérience de choix discret. Le second s'appuie sur l'économie expérimentale pour sonder l'attitude des individus face à diverses politiques encourageant la mobilité verte. Le troisième enrichit le modèle "DRIVERS", qui prévoit l'évolution du parc automobile français, avec les données des deux premiers chapitres. En conclusion, cette recherche recommande des politiques actives pour favoriser les véhicules propres : investissements dans l'infrastructure de recharge, subventions pour véhicules alternatifs et campagnes de sensibilisation. Les régions hors zones urbaines méritent une attention particulière pour l'adoption des véhicules électriques. Pour limiter la circulation des véhicules à combustion, des restrictions diverses sont suggérées, allant de l'interdiction dans certaines zones à l'instauration de péages spécifiques. Ces mesures, associées à des incitations financières, peuvent réduire l'empreinte carbone des transports.Le contexte culturel doit guider la mise en place des politiques, et certaines, comme les taxes, pourraient nécessiter une phase d'essai pour une meilleure acceptabilité. L'ambition est d'accélérer la transition vers des véhicules respectueux de l'environnement, alignée sur les objectifs de réduction des émissions. En bref, cette thèse explore les multiples facettes de la transition vers une mobilité à faible émission de carbone en France, offrant des perspectives précieuses pour une mobilité durable.

Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen sind die Gesundheitsrisiken durch Grenzwertüberschreitungen von Stickstoffdioxid durch den Straßenverkehr in Großstädten, wie sie in den vergangenen Jahren auch in der Öffentlichkeit kritisiert wurden. Individuelle Freiheitsrechte korrelieren häufig mit den Schutzansprüchen Dritter. Marlon Geise geht in seiner Untersuchung der Frage auf den Grund, wie sich diese Spannungslage in Zeiten zunehmender Gesundheitsrisiken verfassungsdogmatisch auflösen lässt. Dabei offenbart das bei Schutzpflichten aus Art. 2 Abs. 2 Satz 1 GG angewendete bisherige Prüfungskonzept des Untermaßverbots Schwächen, weshalb ein neues Prüfungskonzept aufzustellen war. Neben der verfassungsrechtlichen Einordnung von Grenzwerten gelangt der Autor gemessen am Untermaßverbot zu dem Ergebnis, dass der Staat im Jahr 2020 Schutzpflichten verletzt hat.

Environmental Sustainability of Biofuels: Prospects and Challenges provides a comprehensive sustainability analysis of biofuels based on lifecycle analysis and develops various multi-dimensional decision-making techniques for prioritizing biofuel production technologies. Taking a transversal approach, the book combines lifecycle sustainability assessment, lifecycle assessment, lifecycle costing analysis, social lifecycle assessment, sustainability metrics, triple bottom lines, operational research methods, and supply chain designs for investigating the critical factors and critical enablers that influence the sustainable development of biofuel industry. This book will be a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners seeking to deepen their knowledge of biofuels as an alternative fuel. It will equip researchers and policymakers in the energy sector with the scientific methodology and metrics needed to develop strategies for a viable sustainability transition. Provides decision-making and planning tools for the bioenergy sector Focuses on the applied aspects of environmental sustainability, offering a guide to the implementation of standard and new analyses in the commercial sector Gives readers the tools to understand the implications of policy and regulation in different locations rather than providing location-specific information that is quickly out-of-date

n the context of environmental impact reduction of the passenger and freight transport sectors, electric mobility is set to grow in the coming years. Electric vehicle (EV) charging has a natural potential for electricity demand flexibility as connection periods are generally longer than the necessary charging time, especially for individual vehicles. This thesis focuses on the study of this demand-side flexibility, which induces a reduction of the operational costs and carbon emissions of the electricity system, in particular in scenarios with substantial diffusion of electric mobility. The analysis begins with a discussion of the decarbonization pathways of the French transport and electricity generation sectors as well as their mutual interactions. This is followed by a description of the state-of-the-art methods for modeling EVs and their impact on different aspects of the electricity system. A model to generate EV connection and electrical demand data based on transport survey data is then proposed. Finally, the integration of these data in an hourly dispatch model of the European power system is presented and illustrated on various scenarios of the electric mobility development by 2040. This methodology allows the comparison of the foremost EV smart charging modes, as well as the identification of the parameters that most influence the value of this demand-side flexibility: the price of fossil fuels and the level of diffusion of the various EV smart charging modes.

Traffic-related pollutions, apart from the emissions from other anthropogenic sources, significantly decrease the air quality in cities. This is especially true in the case of the areas located in the vicinity of communication routes with high traffic intensity. In accordance with the epidemiological studies, the transport emissions affecting road users, both drivers and pedestrians, have a detrimental effect on health and may contribute to numerous serious illnesses. This work presents the characteristics of traffic-related pollution and the factors affecting its concentration in the air. The effects of exposure to traffic-related pollution on health are described as well. The transport emissions in Lublin, Poland, are discussed in detail. The results of previous studies on traffic-related environmental pollution are presented, including pollutant concentrations as well as exposures of drivers and pedestrians along one of the busiest roads. The studies account for different seasons and weather conditions. The methods of reducing traffic-related pollution and prospects for improving the urban air quality are described as well. This book is intended for academics, researchers, engineers and professionals involved in studies and assessment of the road transport impact on the environment.

The internal combustion engine was invented around 1790 by various scientists and engineers worldwide. Since then the engines have gone through many modifications and improvements. Today, different applications of engines form a significant technological importance in our everyday lives, leading to the evolution of our modern civilization. The invention of diesel and gasoline engines has definitely changed our lifestyles as well as shaped our priorities. The current engines serve innumerable applications in various types of transportation, in harsh environments, in construction, in diverse industries, and also as back-up power supply systems for hospitals, security departments, and other institutions. However, heavy duty or light duty engines have certain major disadvantages, which are well known to everyone. With the increasing usage of diesel and gasoline engines, and the constantly rising number of vehicles worldwide, the main concern nowadays is engine exhaust emissions. This book looks at basic phenomena related to diesel and gasoline engines, combustion, alternative fuels, exhaust emissions, and mitigations.

Global warming and its effects are felt and understood by almost every one across the globe now. Carbon footprint calculation and mitigation in different industrial sectors is the need of the hour. There are numerous industrial sectors, whose carbon footprints need to be calculated and the ways to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions from those sectors need to be started with immediate effect. This book highlights case studies involving the carbon footprints of municipal solid waste, sustainable road transport and Carbon footprint accounting of sources and sinks by studying carbon sequestration of Karnataka, a state in India.

Exploring the need for a sustainable transport paradigm, which has been sought after by local and national authorities internationally over the last 30 years, this illuminating and timely Handbook offers insights into how this can be secured more broadly and what it may involve, as well as the challenges that the sustainable transport approach faces. The Handbook offers readers a holistic understanding of the paradigm by drawing on a wide range of research and relevant case studies that showcase where the principles of sustainable transport have been implemented.

Non-exhaust emissions of particulate matter constitute a little-known but rising share of emissions from road traffic and have significant negative impacts on public health. This report synthesizes the current state of knowledge about the nature, causes, and consequences of non-exhaust particulate emissions. It also projects how particulate matter emissions from non-exhaust sources may evolve in future years and reflects on policy instrument mixes that can address this largely ignored environmental issue.

Bringing together a wealth of knowledge, the Handbook of Environmental Management, Second Edition, gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries, and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about pollution and management issues. This six-volume set is a reimagining of the award-winning Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, published in 2013, and features insights from more than 500 contributors, all experts in their fields. The experience, evidence, methods, and models used in studying environmental management is presented here in six stand-alone volumes, arranged along the major environmental systems. Features of the new edition: The first handbook that demonstrates the key processes and provisions for enhancing environmental management. Addresses new and cutting -edge topics on ecosystem services, resilience, sustainability, food-energy-water nexus, socio-ecological systems and more. Provides an excellent basic knowledge on environmental systems, explains how these systems function and offers strategies on how to best manage them. Includes the most important problems and solutions facing environmental management today. In this second volume, Managing Air Quality and Energy Systems, the reader is introduced to the general concepts and processes of the atmosphere, with its related systems. This volume explains how these systems function and provides strategies on how to best manage them. It serves as an excellent resource for finding basic knowledge on the atmosphere, and includes important problems and solutions that environmental managers face today. This book practically demonstrates the key processes, methods, and models used in studying environmental management.

The world's atmosphere is a common resource. Air quality, along with energy, transportation, and climate change have significant impacts on our lives and this book helps readers understand the changes happening at the nexus of these areas, as they relate to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving air quality. Discussing the transitions to electric vehicles, solar and wind energy for electricity generation, battery developments, smart grids and electric power management, and progress in the electrification of agricultural technology, it also provides the latest information in the context of the United Nations sustainable development goals and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Features: Includes content on how to improve urban air quality in large cities and urban environments. Effectively addresses the nexus of energy, transportation, air quality, climate change and health. Discusses innovative concepts at the nexus of renewable energy, smart grid, electric vehicles, and electric power management. Describes recent progress in meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Written for a wide audience by world experts in sustainability. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission and Improving Air Quality: Two Interrelated Global Challenges, is an invaluable book for professionals and academics at the center of changes relating to solar and wind energy, electric vehicles, and charging infrastructure, including government officials, community leaders, researchers, students, and interested citizens. It is also an excellent text for classes that address sustainability, particularly for those focused on transportation and energy.